9 Species of Hawks in Illinois (With Photos)
When it comes to hawks, Illinois is a haven for these majestic birds of prey. From the iconic Red-tailed Hawk with its distinctive reddish tail to the smaller and more elusive Sharp-shinned Hawk and Northern Goshawk, the Prairie State is home to a diverse range of hawk species. Whether you’re a bird enthusiast or simply curious about the wildlife in your area, exploring these incredible hawks can be a fascinating experience.
Join me as we delve into the world of hawks in Illinois. We will uncover the unique characteristics of each species, their preferred habitats, and their hunting techniques. Along the way, we’ll also discover the migratory patterns of these birds and the best times and places to catch a glimpse of them in action.
Here are the main points:
- Illinois is home to 9 different species of hawks.
- The Red-tailed Hawk is one of the most common and easily recognizable hawks in Illinois.
- Smaller hawks such as the Sharp-shinned Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk, and Northern Goshawk can be found in Illinois.
- The Red-shouldered Hawk, Rough-legged Hawk, and Broad-winged Hawk have their own unique characteristics and behaviors.
- The Osprey and Northern Harrier are two additional raptor species that can be spotted in Illinois.
1. Red-tailed Hawk
The Red-tailed Hawk is a stunning bird of prey that is both common and easily recognizable in Illinois. With its distinct features and impressive hunting abilities, it has captured the fascination of birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts alike.
One of the key characteristics of the Red-tailed Hawk is its reddish tail feathers, which are especially prominent during flight. This iconic feature gives the bird its name and sets it apart from other raptors in the region. In addition to its tail, the Red-tailed Hawk has a broad wingspan that allows it to soar gracefully across the skies.
When it comes to behavior, the Red-tailed Hawk is an efficient hunter. It primarily feeds on small mammals such as mice, voles, and rabbits, which it spots from a great distance while soaring high above the ground. Once prey is spotted, the hawk will swiftly dive down to snatch it up with its sharp talons.
In terms of habitat, the Red-tailed Hawk is incredibly adaptable and can be found in a variety of environments across Illinois. They are commonly seen in open fields, grasslands, and along the edges of wooded areas. With their keen eyesight and soaring ability, they have no trouble finding suitable hunting grounds in which to thrive.
Did you know? The Red-tailed Hawk is known for its distinctive “kee-eee-arrr” call, which is often associated with the quintessential sound of a soaring hawk.
To give you a closer look at the Red-tailed Hawk, here is a table outlining its key characteristics:
| Common Name | Red-tailed Hawk |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Buteo jamaicensis |
| Size | Length: 18-26 inches Wingspan: 43-56 inches |
| Coloration | Brown upperparts, pale underparts with a reddish-brown tail |
| Habitat | Open fields, grasslands, and wooded edges |
| Behavior | Efficient hunter, primarily feeds on small mammals |
When it comes to the smaller hawks of Illinois, the Sharp-shinned Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk, and Northern Goshawk are worth exploring. These raptors showcase unique hunting techniques and distinct characteristics that set them apart from other hawk species in the state.
2. Sharp-shinned Hawk
The Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) is the smallest of the three, known for its agile flight and quick speeds. With their short wings and long tails, these hawks excel at maneuvering through dense vegetation to surprise their prey. They primarily feed on small birds and are often seen near bird feeders, waiting for an opportunity to strike.
3. Cooper’s Hawk
The Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) is slightly larger and shares some similarities with the Sharp-shinned Hawk. However, they have rounder wings and a slightly longer tail, enabling them to navigate through wooded areas successfully. These hawks are known for their impressive hunting skills and primarily feed on birds and small mammals.
4. Northern Goshawk
Lastly, the Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is the largest of the three and can be identified by its fierce appearance. These powerful hawks have broad wings and long tails, which allow them to chase down their prey with great speed and agility. They primarily feed on larger birds and mammals and are known for their keen eyesight and exceptional hunting prowess.
With their unique characteristics and hunting techniques, the Sharp-shinned Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk, and Northern Goshawk play essential roles in maintaining the balance of Illinois’s ecosystem.
Let’s explore the unique characteristics of the Red-shouldered Hawk, Rough-legged Hawk, and Broad-winged Hawk, three fascinating hawk species that can be found in Illinois. From their distinctive calls to their preferred habitats and migratory patterns, these hawks offer a captivating glimpse into the diverse raptor sightings in the state.
5. Red-shouldered Hawk
The Red-shouldered Hawk is known for its striking appearance and piercing calls that echo through the woodlands of Illinois. This medium-sized hawk features a reddish-brown chest, barred wings, and, as the name suggests, distinctive red shoulders. It prefers to inhabit mature forests and is often spotted perched on tree branches or soaring above the treetops. Keep an eye out for this magnificent bird during your Illinois nature walks.
6. Rough-legged Hawk
The Rough-legged Hawk is a visitor from the far north, making its winter appearance in Illinois. With a wide wingspan and a plumage ranging from dark to light, this hawk is well-adapted to the colder climate of the Prairie State.
Look for the Rough-legged Hawk hovering over open areas, including fields and marshes, as it searches for small mammals for its diet. Witnessing this hawk’s graceful flight is a sight to behold.
7. Broad-winged Hawk
The soaring flight of the Broad-winged Hawk is a common sight during the spring and fall migration seasons. This hawk’s preference for woodlands and forests makes Illinois an ideal stopover location during its epic journey.
Look up to the sky, and you might witness groups of Broad-winged Hawks soaring together in a phenomenon known as a kettle. Keep track of their distinctive high-pitched call as they pass by overhead.
I find it truly remarkable how each hawk species brings its own unique charm and presence to the Illinois landscape. From the flash of red on the Red-shouldered Hawk’s shoulders to the Rough-legged Hawk’s impressive adaptation to cold weather, and the impressive aerial formations of the Broad-winged Hawks during migration, these hawks add to the awe-inspiring natural beauty of Illinois.
To get a clearer picture of the differences between these three hawk species, let’s compare their key characteristics side by side in the table below:
| Species | Distinctive Features | Preferred Habitat | Migratory Patterns |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red-shouldered Hawk | Reddish-brown chest, barred wings, red shoulders | Mature forests | Year-round resident, some migration in fall |
| Rough-legged Hawk | Varied plumage from dark to light, wide wingspan | Fields, marshes | Winter visitor |
| Broad-winged Hawk | Short, broad wings, high-pitched call | Woodlands, forests | Migration in spring and fall |
8. Osprey
When it comes to the diverse raptor species found in Illinois, two remarkable birds that capture attention are the Osprey and the Northern Harrier. These majestic creatures bring their unique hunting techniques and fascinating behaviors to the prairies and wetlands of the Prairie State.
The Osprey, also known as the “fish hawk,” is a true master of fishing. With its sharp talons and incredible wingspan, it hovers high above the water before plunging feet first to catch its prey. This extraordinary bird is well-adapted to its aquatic habitat, with specialized reversible outer toes and a grippy surface on its foot pads that allow it to hold fish securely.
9. Northern Harrier
On the other hand, the Northern Harrier, known for its low-flying hunting technique, showcases a different approach. With keen eyes and a distinctive white rump patch, this bird of prey glides effortlessly over marshes and fields, listening for the rustle of small mammals like mice and voles. Once it spots its target, it swoops down rapidly to snatch its prey.
Both the Osprey and the Northern Harrier can be observed in Illinois, adding to the rich diversity of raptor species found in the state. Whether soaring high in search of fish or gracefully gliding above the grasslands, these birds remind us of the natural wonders and incredible wildlife that exist within our midst.
