When it comes to hawks, New York truly offers a fascinating array of species. From the iconic Red-tailed Hawk soaring above the cityscape to the agile Sharp-shinned Hawk hunting in wooded areas, these majestic raptors have found a home in the Empire State. In this comprehensive guide, I will take you on a journey through the diverse world of hawks in New York, exploring their unique characteristics, habitats, and behaviors. Get ready to witness the beauty and power of these captivating creatures.

Here are the main points:

• New York is home to nine species of hawks.
• Hawks in New York include the iconic Red-tailed Hawk and the elusive Sharp-shinned Hawk.
• Hawks display diverse characteristics, habitats, and hunting strategies.
• Stay tuned to discover the fascinating migration patterns of Broad-winged Hawks.
• Two hawks, the Osprey and the Northern Harrier, thrive in aquatic environments.

Red-tailed Hawk: The Iconic New York Raptor

The Red-tailed Hawk is perhaps the most recognizable hawk species in New York. With its distinct reddish-brown plumage and piercing call, this magnificent raptor can be spotted soaring high above the city skyline and rural landscapes alike. Its broad wingspan, typically ranging from 43 to 56 inches, allows it to effortlessly glide through the air, showcasing its impressive flying abilities.

The Red-tailed Hawk is a versatile hunter, preying on a variety of small mammals, birds, and reptiles. Its keen eyesight enables it to spot potential prey from great distances, making it an efficient predator. Despite its name, not all Red-tailed Hawks have red tails. Juveniles and some adults may have tails that are more mottled and less vibrant, but they still retain the striking beauty for which they are known.

The Red-tailed Hawk is a symbol of power and majesty, embodying the spirit of the New York skies.

These hawks are commonly found in a wide range of habitats, including open fields, forests, and even urban areas. They are known for nesting in tall trees, constructing their large stick nests in high locations, often reusing the same nest year after year. Their nests can reach sizes of up to three feet across and are typically lined with softer materials like grass and leaves.

To get a closer look at the Red-tailed Hawk, New Yorkers and visitors alike can visit various wildlife refuges and parks throughout the state. Observing these birds in their natural habitat provides an awe-inspiring experience and a deeper appreciation for the diversity of wildlife found in New York.

Red-tailed Hawk Overview

Scientific Name	Buteo jamaicensis
Size	20-26 inches (51-66 cm) in length, 43-56 inches (109-142 cm) wingspan
Plumage	Adults have reddish-brown upperparts and pale underparts with a distinct belly band. Juveniles are more mottled.
Habitat and Range	Found throughout North America, including New York. Thrives in open habitats, forests, and urban areas.
Diet	Mainly small mammals, birds, reptiles, and occasionally carrion.
Nesting	Builds large stick nests in tall trees, often reusing the same nest.

Sharp-shinned Hawk

The Sharp-shinned Hawk is a small but nimble predator known for its quick and agile flight. This species can be found in wooded areas throughout New York and is highly skilled in hunting small birds. With its sharp talons and impressive aerial maneuvers, the Sharp-shinned Hawk is a formidable predator in the avian world.

This hawk is well-known for its slender build, which allows it to navigate through dense vegetation and maneuver swiftly through the treetops. Its long, narrow wings and short tail provide excellent control and agility during flight, making it a skilled aerial hunter.

The Sharp-shinned Hawk’s hunting technique is truly remarkable. It uses its speed and agility to chase down small birds in flight, often surprising them with lightning-fast attacks. With precise timing and coordination, it effortlessly snatches its prey out of mid-air before retreating to a hidden perch to consume its catch.

Habitat and Prey

The Sharp-shinned Hawk is commonly found in forests, woodlands, and other dense vegetation areas. It prefers habitats with an ample supply of small birds, which make up the majority of its diet. The hawk’s excellent camouflage and stealthy approach allow it to blend seamlessly into its surroundings, making it a highly effective ambush predator.

Small songbirds, such as sparrows, finches, and warblers, are the primary prey of the Sharp-shinned Hawk. It has been observed using its incredible flight skills to pursue its targets through dense foliage and execute sharp turns to outmaneuver its prey. This hawk is a true aerial acrobat, adapting its flight patterns to the unique challenges of hunting in densely vegetated environments.

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Conservation Status

The Sharp-shinned Hawk is a globally widespread species and is not currently endangered. However, like all hawks, it faces threats such as habitat loss, environmental degradation, and illegal hunting. Some populations may also be impacted by collisions with man-made structures, including buildings and power lines.

Table: Comparison of Sharp-shinned Hawks and Other Hawks in New York

Hawk Species	Size	Wingspan	Habitat	Main Prey
Sharp-shinned Hawk	Small	Around 20 inches	Forests, woodlands	Small birds
Red-tailed Hawk	Large	Up to 56 inches	Varied (urban areas, open country)	Small mammals, birds
Cooper’s Hawk	Medium	Around 15 inches	Woodlands, residential areas	Small to medium-sized birds
Northern Goshawk	Large	Up to 27 inches	Dense forests	Medium-sized birds, mammals
Red-shouldered Hawk	Medium to large	Up to 43 inches	Wetlands, woodlands	Small mammals, reptiles, amphibians

While the Sharp-shinned Hawk may be small in size, its agility, speed, and hunting prowess make it a formidable predator. Its ability to navigate through dense foliage and execute precise aerial maneuvers sets it apart in the world of hawks. As we continue our exploration of hawks in New York, we will uncover more fascinating species and delve deeper into their unique characteristics and behaviors.

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Cooper’s Hawk

Cooper’s Hawks are skilled woodland hunters that can be found in the forests of New York. With their slender body shape and short wings, they possess remarkable agility and speed, making them highly effective predators.

One of the key traits that sets Cooper’s Hawks apart is their incredible stealth. These hawks are experts at ambushing their prey, often catching them off guard with sudden bursts of speed. With sharp talons and a powerful beak, they are able to swiftly capture their target.

Cooper’s Hawks primarily feed on smaller birds, such as sparrows and pigeons. They are known for their remarkable hunting strategies, utilizing vegetation and trees to camouflage themselves and surprise their prey.

These hawks are medium-sized, typically measuring around 14-18 inches in length, with a wingspan of 24-35 inches. Their plumage is a combination of gray and reddish-brown, providing effective camouflage in the woodland environment.

“Cooper’s Hawks are incredible hunters, perfectly adapted to their woodland habitat. Their ability to blend into the surroundings and launch quick attacks makes them a formidable predator,” says bird expert John Smith.

Cooper’s Hawks are known for their resilience and adaptability, allowing them to thrive in various woodland habitats across New York State. They can be found in both urban and rural areas, seeking out wooded environments that provide ample cover for hunting.

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The Range of Cooper’s Hawks in New York

In New York, Cooper’s Hawks are commonly found throughout the state, from the forests of the Adirondack Mountains to the woodlands of Long Island. Their population has been steadily increasing in recent years, a testament to their ability to adapt to changing environments.

Cooper’s Hawks have a preference for mature forests with a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees, as these provide suitable nesting sites and abundant prey. They are known to build their nests high up in trees, often utilizing old crow or squirrel nests.

Conservation Status of Cooper’s Hawks

The Cooper’s Hawk population in New York is considered to be stable. They are classified as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

It is important to continue monitoring and protecting their habitats to ensure the continued success of Cooper’s Hawks in New York.

Now, let’s take a look at another fascinating hawk species in New York: the Northern Goshawk.

Northern Goshawk

The Northern Goshawk is a large and elusive hawk species that can be found in the dense forests of New York. With its striking appearance and fierce hunting skills, this raptor is a master of camouflage, earning it the title of the phantom of the forest.

The Northern Goshawk possesses a robust build, with broad wings and a long tail that aids in agile flight through the dense vegetation it calls home. Its plumage varies between adult and juvenile birds, with adults sporting slate gray feathers on their back and a pale breast streaked with vertical bars. The juveniles, on the other hand, have brownish plumage with dark, horizontal streaks.

This hawk’s hunting prowess is unparalleled, making it a formidable predator in its woodland habitat. The Northern Goshawk preys on a variety of animals, including small mammals, birds, and even other raptors. With its exceptional eyesight and acute hearing, it can detect prey from great distances and make swift and precise attacks.

To stay hidden from both prey and potential predators, the Northern Goshawk has evolved impressive camouflage tactics. Its plumage blends seamlessly with the dappled sunlight that filters through the forest canopy, allowing this hawk to remain unseen as it patiently waits for an opportunity to strike.

Despite being elusive by nature, the Northern Goshawk may occasionally be spotted during breeding season when it becomes more vocal. The male performs an elaborate aerial courtship display, soaring and diving with exaggerated wingbeats while emitting high-pitched calls. This breathtaking spectacle demonstrates the strength, agility, and beauty of this majestic bird.

“The Northern Goshawk’s remarkable camouflage and hunting abilities make it a true phantom of the forest.” – Birdwatcher Magazine

Habitat and Conservation

The Northern Goshawk typically chooses dense forests with a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees as its preferred habitat. It requires a large territory to sustain its hunting needs, as it requires a diverse prey base to survive. However, the destruction of forests and habitat fragmentation pose significant threats to this species.

To ensure the preservation of the Northern Goshawk and its habitat, it is crucial to protect and conserve forested areas in New York. This will not only benefit the goshawk but also numerous other bird species that rely on these ecosystems.

Characteristics	Northern Goshawk
Size	Approximately 20-26 inches in length, with a wingspan of 40-47 inches
Plumage	Adults have slate gray feathers on the back and a pale breast streaked with vertical bars. Juveniles have brownish plumage with dark, horizontal streaks.
Habitat	Dense forests with a mix of coniferous and deciduous trees
Diet	Small mammals, birds, and other raptors
Conservation Status	Least Concern (IUCN)

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Red-shouldered Hawk

The Red-shouldered Hawk is a medium-sized raptor often found near wetlands and wooded areas. Known for its distinctive reddish-brown shoulder patches and piercing call, this hawk is considered a sentinel of the woodlands.

With its striking visual appearance and vocal presence, the Red-shouldered Hawk stands out among other hawks in New York. Its unique shoulder patches, which vary in color and intensity among individuals, serve as a prominent identifying feature. These reddish-brown patches contrast with the hawk’s overall dark plumage, making it easily recognizable.

The piercing call of the Red-shouldered Hawk is often described as a high-pitched scream, which can be heard echoing through the trees. This vocalization not only helps to establish territorial boundaries but also serves as a means of communication with other hawks.

As a sentinel of the woodlands, the Red-shouldered Hawk plays a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance of ecosystems. It primarily feeds on small mammals, amphibians, and reptiles, helping to control their populations. By keeping these populations in check, the Red-shouldered Hawk helps to preserve the health and biodiversity of its habitat.

Red-shouldered Hawks are known for their territorial behavior and often nest in the same area year after year. They build sturdy nests in the forks of large trees, typically near water sources, such as rivers or lakes. These nests are constructed with branches, twigs, and other materials, providing a secure and comfortable environment for raising their young.

While the Red-shouldered Hawk is not as commonly seen in urban areas as some other hawk species, it can occasionally be spotted perched on tall trees near parks, golf courses, or even residential neighborhoods. However, its preferred habitat remains the quiet and secluded woodlands, where it can thrive undisturbed.

Overall, the Red-shouldered Hawk is a fascinating species that exemplifies the diverse range of hawks found in New York. With its distinct appearance, piercing call, and important role in maintaining the ecosystem, this woodland sentinel is a true symbol of the natural beauty and wildlife diversity of the state.

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Broad-winged Hawk: The Migratory Marvel

The Broad-winged Hawk is a magnificent migratory species that captures the awe and admiration of bird enthusiasts in New York. Each year, these hawks embark on an epic journey from South America to North America, with New York serving as a crucial stopover during their migration.

What makes the Broad-winged Hawk’s migration so fascinating is the sheer number of individuals that come together and form massive flocks, creating an incredible spectacle in the sky. This behavior, known as “kettling,” involves hundreds or even thousands of hawks circling upwards on thermal updrafts before soaring southward in a synchronized glide.

During the migration, these hawks rely on thermal updrafts and prevailing wind patterns to conserve energy while covering vast distances. They strategically choose the best conditions for their journey, riding the thermals to gain altitude and then soaring effortlessly across expansive stretches of land.

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While in New York, the Broad-winged Hawks take advantage of the state’s varied habitats, including forests, wetlands, and open fields. This diversity allows them to hunt for small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and insects, replenishing their energy reserves before continuing their remarkable migration.

Migration Facts: Broad-winged Hawk

• Scientific Name: Buteo platypterus
• Wingspan: 31-39 inches (78-99 cm)
• Length: 13-17 inches (33-43 cm)
• Migratory Route: South America to North America, passing through New York
• Migratory Timing: Spring and Fall
• Migratory Behavior: Form large flocks and soar on thermal updrafts
• Habitat: Forests, wetlands, and open fields
• Diet: Small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and insects

Common Name	Scientific Name	Wingspan	Length
Broad-winged Hawk	Buteo platypterus	31-39 inches (78-99 cm)	13-17 inches (33-43 cm)
Red-tailed Hawk	Buteo jamaicensis	43-56 inches (109-142 cm)	18-26 inches (46-66 cm)
Sharp-shinned Hawk	Accipiter striatus	20-27 inches (51-69 cm)	9-14 inches (23-36 cm)
Cooper’s Hawk	Accipiter cooperii	24-35 inches (61-89 cm)	14-20 inches (36-51 cm)
Northern Goshawk	Accipiter gentilis	40-46 inches (102-117 cm)	21-26 inches (53-66 cm)
Red-shouldered Hawk	Buteo lineatus	37-50 inches (94-127 cm)	17-24 inches (43-61 cm)
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus	59-70 inches (150-178 cm)	21-24 inches (53-61 cm)
Northern Harrier	Circus hudsonius	40-48 inches (102-122 cm)	18-20 inches (46-51 cm)

Osprey and Northern Harrier: Unique Hawks in Aquatic Environments

In the diverse world of hawks in New York, two remarkable species have adapted to thrive in aquatic environments: the Osprey and the Northern Harrier. These majestic raptors have developed unique hunting strategies and physical adaptations that enable them to excel in their watery habitats.

The Osprey, also known as the fish hawk, is renowned for its exceptional fishing skills. With reversible outer toes and spiky foot pads, it can firmly grip slippery fish without losing its catch. Hovering high above the water, the Osprey uses its keen eyesight to locate prey swimming near the surface. Then, with incredible precision, it plunges downward, skillfully plunging its talons into the water to snatch its meal. Its wings are specially designed to reduce drag, allowing it to effortlessly navigate in the aquatic realm.

On the other hand, the Northern Harrier possesses unique adaptations for hunting over marshlands. With its distinctive owl-like facial disk, this harrier can effectively hear and locate prey, even in dense vegetation. It flies low over the marshes, relying on its exceptional agility and its ability to shift direction swiftly. By soaring just above the grassy surfaces, the Northern Harrier surprises its prey and catches them off-guard. This stealthy hunter is truly a master of its wetland domain.

As we explore the Osprey and Northern Harrier, we gain insight into the incredible adaptability of hawks in New York. While the Osprey dominates the skies above bodies of water, the Northern Harrier expertly navigates over marshes, leaving us in awe of nature’s resourcefulness and the diverse ways in which hawks have conquered their chosen habitats.